Welcome back Keith.
Actually it has little to do with using welders or the like, well not really.
The issues are that-
(A) The regulations specify that the voltage drop between your house and the shed must be within a specified limit governed by several factors. True the maximum loading has something to do with this but there are other factors as well. The distance from source (house) to shed) has a lot to do with it. Also the type of installation mainly of the cable and the cable type. This was why we rattled on about using SWA, XPLE and NOT using twin-and-earth (T/E)
B) The earthing type we were all talking about (TN-S, TNC-S/PME and TT) are the main common types used by DNO (the people that supply your house, not the people to whom you pay your bills necessarily).
TN-S (Terra, Neutral, Separated) means just that - that the earth to your house is separated from the neutral. That is the cable coming into your house has the live, the neutral AND the earth conductors. I think i is one of the safest systems others may differ in their opinion and I would export the earth to your shed.
TT (Terra-Terra) means that the supplier does NOT provide you with an earth. Somewhere in your grounds will be an earth rod. I would not export this by definition and would install a rod at the shed.
TNC-S (Terra, Neutral, Combined and Separated) is where the neutral coming into the house is at earth, the supplier has earthed the neutral many times on its way to your house. Hence it is sometimes called PME (Protective Multiple Earth). I would never export this earth for the reasons that Lec enlightens to above (in case of a neutral fault condition the 'earth' could raise to 230 volts!!)
I suggest that you get a sparky in just ask his/her advice before you start, it is with a couple of pints as a tip! The fact that what you are proposing to do comes under the building regulations is another matter altogether

Best of Luck and don't do anything risky your wife and kids need you. OK.