First thing you need to check is the wall construction and potential for damp. Lime plaster is very tolerant of damp, plasterboard isn’t. If there is any doubt then I would use an insulation backed plasterboard as it will stop mild damp penetrating through the board and also increase the insulation in the room. I’ve always used plasterboard adhesive for this, although foam may work you would need to check that the foam and insulation were compatible.
The only time I’ve battened out walls is when they are very much out of plumb, then I’ve used roofing lath and packed out behind it to get the wall level and plumb, but it’s a lot more work and if the walls are reasonably ok I would dot and dab. Just make sure that none of the dab forms a bridge past the insulation!

There is a YouTube channel called On the trowel and he has a load of content on plastering of all types, well worth a look as he really knows his stuff and is a good communicator.
If you use taper edge boards you could get away without plastering. If you want to do a proper job and plaster the wall look at Speedskims, they are expensive but they can really help you get a professional finish.