Q1 - Do you have a three phase (415v) supply?  If not, you do need an inverter (or variable speed drive).  This would usually go in place of your DOL (direct on line) starter.  The cost of these in inhibitive - it is cheaper to get a single phase motor.

Q2 - The earth would be from the supply and looping onto the motor.

Q3 - The three copper links link the three motor windings correctly, presenting you with the three phases, the links are in place configured in DELTA, if you moved the links to link the U2 V2 W2 together, you would be connected in star.  T1 T2 T3 would then indeed goto U1 U2 U3.  Reversing any two would reverse the direction of the motor.  You need to look at the rating plate of the motor - it will give you two different voltage ratings for star and delta.

Q4 - The two blues are for thermal protection and would be wired in series with the STOP button of the DOL stater/inverter.   Motor overheats, contactor removes power.

Looping the earths is exactly as you describe.  The earth terminal in the motor is shown below:

   

Inverters are expensive, shopping around online is your best bet.

U3??  Not sure where you see that?

The thermal cutout blues would go in series with the red stop button, so essentially disconnect the cable from L3 at the top of the DOL Starter (which goes to the push buttons) and reconnect it via the blue cables.

Difficult to advise further to be honest.